苦瓜种子大小和单粒质量的遗传分析

以苦瓜自交系K7-359(P_1)和K7-422(P_2)分别作为母本和父本,通过杂交获得F_1,F_1自交获得F_2群体,采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析苦瓜种子长度、宽度和单粒质量的遗传规律。结果表明,苦瓜种子长度和单粒质量的遗传均符合加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型(C-0模型),多基因遗传率分别为84.91%和76.55%,说明对苦瓜种子长度和单粒质量的选择宜在高世代进行;苦瓜种子宽度的遗传符合1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因模型(D-0模型),主基因和多基因遗传率分别为79.30%和3.86%,主基因遗传效应主要以加性效应为主,说明对种子宽度的改良可以采用组合育种的策略,且适宜在早期世代进行选择。     

大中小型拖拉机压实对土壤坚实度和大豆产量的影响

探讨农业机械压实对土壤坚实度和产量的影响规律，对改善作物生产环境、促进农业机械化向质量型转变具有重要意义。以东北典型黑土区耕地土壤为研究对象，依照随机区组试验原理，选择大、中、小3种型号拖拉机进行6种压实处理，同型拖拉机相同压实次数试验重复3次，采用PV6.08型贯穿阻力仪测量压实轮辙截面土壤坚实度。试验结果表明：土壤坚实度随压实次数增加而逐渐递增，3种拖拉机压实测试截面浅层均出现明显压实核，且压实核内土壤坚实度随压实次数增加而逐渐增大，CASE-210型拖拉机压实对表层土壤坚实度影响程度和范围最大，压实12次时压实核处土壤坚实度达4.0 MPa，JD-280型拖拉机对深层土壤压实影响程度和范围最大，在65~80 cm的土壤深层坚实度的峰值达3.2 MPa；拖拉机压实均导致大豆产量降低，CASE-210、JD-904和JD-280拖拉机压实12次时大豆产量分别降低了21.24%、18.15%和12.38%。     

Comparison of immune responses and antioxidant status of different generations of growth‐selected Portunus trituberculatus families

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of inbreeding on the immune responses and antioxidant status of Portunus trituberculatus juveniles. Results showed that inbreeding affected the total haemocyte count, and phagocytic, pro‐phenoloxidase (propo), phenoloxidase and antibacterial activities decreased after the seventh generation. Antioxidant status showed a similar pattern: total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and GSH/GSSG in the cell‐free haemolymph and hepatopancreas decreased, while catalase activity in the cell‐free haemolymph increased (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in α₂‐macroglobulin and bacteriolytic activities in the cell‐free haemolymph and glutathione peroxidase activity in the cell‐free haemolymph and hepatopancreas among nine inbreeding generations. Gene expression levels of proPO and crustin in haemocytes and SOD in haemocytes and hepatopancreas also decreased significantly as the inbreeding generations increased. The results suggest that a high level of inbreeding could severely reduce the physiological health of P. trituberculatus. Our obtained data would be particularly useful for P. trituberculatus breeding programmes.     

Effect of l‐ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate supplementation on growth performance,body composition,antioxidative capacity and salinity stress tolerance of juvenile Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of ascorbic acid (AsA), in the form of l ‐ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate (LAPP) on growth performance, body composition, antioxidative capacity and salinity stress tolerance of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Five practical diets (46% crude protein and 7.6% lipid) supplemented with graded levels of AsA (14.64, 48.55, 84.98, 308.36 and 639.27 mg kg^?1 diet) were fed to five replicate groups of L. vannamei (mean initial wet weight 0.57 g). No significant differences were found on growth performance among all treatments. However, whole body lipid content significantly decreased with dietary AsA levels increasing. Activities of total antioxidant capacity, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly affected by dietary AsA levels. Shrimp fed LAPP‐free diet had higher malondialdehyde content than those fed the diets supplemented with LAPP. Dietary AsA levels higher than 308.36 mg kg^?1 diet increased the survival of shrimps after 1, 2 and 3 h of acute salinity change. Broken‐line regression analysis on survival after 3 h of salinity stress and second‐degree polynomial regression analysis on glutathione reductase data indicated that the optimal dietary AsA requirement of L. vannamei was estimated to be 306.39, 319.75 mg kg^?1 diet respectively.     

青霉菌发酵液对大豆幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

采用室内生理检测及生物化学方法,研究了青霉菌发酵液对大豆幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明:用一定浓度的青霉菌发酵液对大豆浸种和茎叶处理,大豆幼苗的生长呈明显上升趋势,处理后大豆的株高、根长、株鲜重和根鲜重均明显得到了提高,且生长状态好于对照,不同浓度处理间具有明显差异,在发酵液浓度为5 g·L-1时,效果最佳。尤其是对根鲜重的影响,促进率最高可达56.21%,同时增强了幼苗根系活力,最大可以提高57.82%,浸种和茎叶处理后,分别提高了叶绿素含量41.25%和15.40%;超氧化物歧化酶活性12.20%和11.70%;过氧化物酶31.33%和29.95%;过氧化氢酶活性42.8%和20.0%,这为发酵液在大豆田推广应用、提高大豆产量提供了重要理论依据。     

哈尔滨地区大豆蚜及其天敌昆虫的多年种群动态和相关性分析

为明确大豆蚜种群数量与其天敌昆虫龟纹瓢虫[Propylea japonica(Thunberg)]、异色瓢虫[Harmonia axyridia(Pallas)]及花蝽(Orius sp.)的田间发生情况及二者的相关性,采用对角线五点取样、借助直接观察法,对哈尔滨地区大豆蚜及上述天敌昆虫的种群动态(2008-2014年)进行了系统调查。记录各年份大豆蚜种群数量峰值及峰值日后第6天各天敌昆虫的种群数量,并对大豆蚜与天敌昆虫的发生关系进行了相关分析。结果表明:6月为大豆蚜的田间始发期,7-8月为其田间猖獗期,9月为其消亡期。在大豆蚜的始发期和猖獗期,田间均有龟纹瓢虫(成虫和幼虫)、异色瓢虫(成虫和幼虫)及花蝽(成虫和若虫)的发生。龟纹瓢虫幼虫和异色瓢虫成虫的田间种群数量与大豆蚜的种群数量间均呈现显著相关性。     

一个水稻小热休克蛋白的异源表达及寡聚特性分析

【目的】在前期研究中,本实验室已克隆了一个水稻小热休克蛋白基因(OsSHSP17.6),并发现该基因的表达明显受到热激和病毒侵染调控,表明该蛋白可能在逆境胁迫过程中起重要作用。本研究的目的在于进一步明确OsSHSP17.6的特性。【方法】在本研究中,进一步将该基因亚克隆至原核表达载体p ET-32a并导入大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)pLysS诱导表达,通过亲和层析的方法纯化了该重组蛋白,进一步用于非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和Western blotting分析。【结果】异源表达的重组OsSHSP17.6能减轻IPTG对宿主菌的毒害。非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和Western blotting分析显示纯化的重组OsSHSP17.6蛋白在体外能形成同源二聚体和寡聚体。【结论】这些结果支持OsSHSP17.6是一个有功能的分子伴侣蛋白并表明该蛋白可能通过形成同源寡聚体的方式参与逆境胁迫反应,这为进一步明确OsSHSP17.6的功能机制奠定基础。     

TFSQ型高效环保组合式粮食杂质清理筛的研制

通过对振动筛理、垂直风选、旋风分离与沉降系统的研究,研制出集振动筛理、风选、旋风分离沉降、含尘气流循环再利用为一体的TFSQ型高效环保组合式粮食杂质清理筛。经应用测试和专家鉴定:该设备具有清理效率高、清理过程粉尘污染小,使用维护方便、可靠性强等优点,具有广阔的市场推广前景。     

硫酰氟熏蒸防治烟草甲的效果

研究不同浓度硫酰氟对片烟垛的熏蒸杀虫效果,并测定了不同仓库位置硫酰氟熏蒸浓度扩散变化情况。结果表明,片烟垛熏蒸使用15、20和25 g/m3的硫酰氟,熏蒸240 h,均可100%的杀灭各虫态烟草甲(Lasioderma serricorne);在硫酰氟整仓熏蒸22 h时,熏蒸浓度达到最大值,且各检测点浓度基本一致。